The Radiology Assistant : Pathology of the Male Breast

breast cancer on ultrasound looks like The Radiology Assistant : Pathology of the Male Breast
Breast Cancer

Among all cancers in females, he takes the first place. In most cases, cancer of the breast develops within the presence of precancerous changes. This is primarily a benign mammary dysplasia and papilloma ducts.

Breast cancer is represented macroscopically nodular and diffuse forms, as well as cancer with the nipple as well as the nipple in the field (Paget's disease from the breast). For the nodular cancers are characterized by the node developing a diameter up to several centimeters. In certain cases, a tight knot, is permeated with whitish layers tissue penetrating in the surrounding dimply skin, in others - a soft, juicy on the cut, splits easily. Diffuse prostate cancer is included for the considerable distance, the contours with the tumor are marked bad. Sometimes the cancer invades the skin and forms for the surface of decaying mushroom formation - a cancerous ulcer. In some instances, the tumor spreads over the surface with the breast and all the iron is included using a dense shell.

In histological structure are the following varieties of breast cancers:

• noninvasive: intralobular and intraduct;

• infiltrative.

Noninvasive cancer of the breast can be intralobular (lobular carcinoma in situ), and intraduct (ductal carcinoma in situ).

Infiltrating (invasive) cancer is seen as an varying levels of tissue and cell irregularities, which allowed to distinguish different level of malignancy. This type of cancer include, especially, infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma, which often gets the structure of scirrhus, as well as Paget's disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer.

The factors behind breast cancer often are hormonal changes inside the body: the entry into menopause, should there be an active restructuring in the hormonal regulation in the woman, the ovaries lose their activity, decreased creation of progesterone and estrogen, your body goes through, "hormonal crisis." The mammary gland and endometrium (lining of the uterus) are most tuned in to these changes, the breast type tissue begins to dissolve and stay replaced by fat.

Scientifically established that the female hormones estrogen-, plays an important role inside progression of breast cancer. The excess hormones in the body results in a favorable background for developing the illness. The least active hormones estrogen behave while pregnant and after birth - during breastfeeding. It is proved the birth and prolonged breastfeeding (more than 12 months) to lessen the potential risk of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, abortion cause hormonal "explosion" in a woman's body that can trigger the continuing development of tumors. So far there's no consensus concerning the impact on the growth and development of tumors of hormonal contraceptive drugs, however it is believed that these drugs reduce the potential risk of developing cancer of the breast, but increase potential risk of developing cancer of the female genital organs, and osteoporosis. In addition predisposition to cancer of the breast could cause harmful environmental factors: the planet, as well as inflammatory diseases previously deferred breast - mastitis.

In addition, patients using a family of first-degree relatives with breast cancers (mothers and sisters) probability of creating a tumor increasing by over half - familial types of cancer.

Benign breast diseases like fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroadenoz intraduct papillomatosis alone don't cause cancer, but at the same time, create an unfavorable background because of its development.

The reason behind breast cancers would be the connection between radiation, for example irradiation in the chest for other diseases (lung tumors, the lymphatic system), prolonged and frequent chest X-ray studies on inflammatory diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis.

Constitutional obesity can result in cancer from the breast and female reproductive system, with an excess fatty tissue inside the body, it will become another endocrine organ and starts to actively produce hormones-estrogens, whose action and provokes the continuing development of tumors.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

There are several forms from the growth of breast cancer:

- Nodular form, the most common, is characterized by a dense knot of 0.5 to five cm or even more, it is seen as a all with the following symptoms;

- Diffuse. All of them are very aggressive, grow quickly, almost lightning speed, the tumor without any clear boundaries, "spreading" of the breast and skin. For the first couple of forms are characteristic signs of inflammation: pain from the breast, a bright beautiful red colors in the skin it raises body's temperature to 39 degrees C. In view of those symptoms often occur, and errors in diagnosing patients treated for inflammatory diseases, that are named and so are described these forms breast cancer. When tubular carcinoma breast cancer cover like a "skin" of their contracting and decreasing in proportions.

In some cases, breast cancers manifests within the form of metastases inside the lymph nodes for the affected side, often does not detect the tumor itself - show hidden breast cancers.

For small tumors of the breast, any symptoms arise. The most observant ladies and their husbands have the ability to detect tumor site in the gland by accident, but in the large breast to detect small size hard knot. Revealed a knot may be painful when pressed, round, smooth and agile, this speaks in support of a benign tumor. Signs of malignancy other: a tight knot to touch the stone, its surface is uneven, it really is stationary or slightly shifted, might be firmly fixed towards the surrounding tissue or skin, usually painless, can reach a tremendous size (greater than 3 to 5 cm and sometimes 10-15 cm).

Need to gauge the surface from the skin on the tumor: the malignant process will likely be observed retraction in the skin, obtaining within the folds, wrinkles, a signal of "lemon peel" - a nearby swelling from the skin on the tumor, is often a direct tumor invasion to your skin surface, then it will become a bright red color and sprawl as "cauliflower."

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